Type: Empirical

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to "explore the effects of code.org programming on 4th grade primary school students' reflective thinking skills towards problem solving skills" (p. 208).

Findings: 1. Statistical differences were not found between programming in code.org and reflective thinking skills. 2. Females won 95 (51.91%) trophies and the males won 88 (48.09%) trophies. Females won 47% of the gold trophies, 42% of the silver trophies and 65% of the bronze trophies 3. Students reported that using code.org helped to improve mathematical and geometrical knowledge 4. All student responded positively when asked if they liked programming. 5. Reflections from the teacher indicated that the code.org was easy for all to sign in. She liked that she was able to create classes to make groups online. This helped her in monitoring student progress. The teacher reported that student familiarity with characters helped in the students favoring those stages.She noted that students had difficulties in the Artist stages because more mathematical calculations were needed.

Recommendations: The researchers reported that more time should be spent on teaching programming to students to extend deeper understanding and knowledge of critical aspects of fundamental programming.